Abdollah Zamani and Esmail Ijbari Executed in Ghezelhesar Prison

According to information obtained by Iran Human Rights, two men were executed in Ghezelhesar Prison on 19 December. Their identities have been established as Abdollah Zamani, an Afghan national, and 35-year-old Emsail Ijbari (pictured) who were both sentenced to death for drug-related charges by the Revolutionary Court.

Esmail Ijbari was a Baluch minority from Sistan and Baluchistan province who lived in Khorasan Razavi province per Haal Vsh.

Informed sources told Iran Human Rights: “Three or four other prisoners are still in the death solitary confinement suites and could be executed tomorrow or next week.”

At the time of writing, their executions have not been reported by domestic media or officials in Iran.

Ethnic minorities, the Baluch in particular, are grossly overrepresented in execution numbers in Iran. In 2022, at least 174 Baluch minorities including 3 women, were executed in 22 prisons across Iran, making up 30% of overall executions. This is while they represent just 2-5% of Iran’s population. Furthermore, at least 274 Baluch people have been executed for drug-related charges since 2021, 40% of all drug executions in that time period.

Drug-related executions have continuously risen every year for the past three years. At least 305 people were executed for drug-related charges between 1 January-10 October 2023, a 69% increase compared to the same period in 2022, and the number of drug-related executions in 2023 were close to 20 times higher than 2020.

The number of drug executions dramatically dropped in 2018 following a 2017 Amendment to the Anti-Narcotics Laws. Consequently, drug executions ranged between 24-30 per annum between 2018-2020. The Amendment was reversed in practice in 2021 when executions increased ten-fold to 126 in 2021 and doubled again in 2022 with 256 drug-related executions. On 13 September 2023, IHRNGO reported a 94% rise in the number of drug-related executions in the year following the start of the “Woman, Life, Freedom” movement in September 2022.